Geologists study the Earth’s structure, materials, and the processes shaping them, both past and present. As a scientific discipline, geology uses deductive reasoning and scientific methods. It is highly interdisciplinary, involving knowledge from physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, and astronomy.

Geologists study the Earth’s structure, materials, and the processes shaping them, both past and present. As a scientific discipline, geology uses deductive reasoning and scientific methods. It is highly interdisciplinary, involving knowledge from physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, and astronomy.

This course is intended for first-year students in earth sciences.
This course is structured according to the national curriculum in five chapters.


 BASIC DEFINITIONS

 I.THE GEOLOGICAL MAP:     1 - Land rating:    a) sedimentary lands,  b) magmatic terrains c) metamorphic terrains

                                               2 -   Notation of structures

                                               3 -   Other conventional signs

                                               4 -   Geological map notice

 II. THE GEOLOGICAL CUT: 1- principle, 2- Conventional figures

 III.   GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF LAYERS: 1-  Dip and direction of a layer, 2 -   Actual and apparent thickness

 IV.   REPRESENTATION OF GEOLOGICAL LAYERS

 V.   GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES: 1-  Tabular structures, 2-   Monoclinal structures, 3-   Pleated structures, 4-   Faulted structures, 5-   Discordant structures