Microbiologie appliquée

I.                   OVERVIEW

The definition of law is "the entirety of the rules that govern human behavior in society and social relations," or more comprehensively, "the entirety of the rules imposed on members of a society so that their social relations are free from arbitrariness and individual violence and are in accordance with the dominant ethical norm."

These explicit and mandatory rules specify what "must be done." These legal rules may originate from an external, transcendent, or "superior" normative source, such as natural law, or they may derive from intrinsic standards. In this second instance, the rules are either based on observed and accepted usages (coutumier) or they are declared and committed to by an official body tasked with overseeing the structure and operation of social relations (written).

The "force" required by law assumes that: ₷ that the law's origin is acknowledged and accepted as legitimate; ₷ that the law's enactment is known to all, implying that it is the subject of a significant publication or accessibility. The adage "Nul n'est censé ignorer la loi" reflects this requirement, which states that the existence of procedures for enforcement that are planned and organized by the law, either by the State or by a specialized instance, can ensure that the law is applied.

In societies that reject the separation of powers, the application of the law is the result of cooperation between the legislative and executive branches, which define the law, the judiciary, which is tasked with interpreting it and enforcing any potential violations or objections raised by its application, and the citizens.